The second generation of computers refers to the period of
computing history from the late 1950s to the mid-1960s, during which
transistor-based computers replaced vacuum-tube-based computers. This era is
also known as the transistor era. The transistor was invented in 1947, and by
the late 1950s, it had become a practical replacement for vacuum tubes, which
were the primary electronic component used in early computers.
The second generation of computers was characterized by
smaller, faster, and more reliable computers than their predecessors. These
machines were also much cheaper and easier to maintain, and they consumed less
power than vacuum-tube-based computers. The second-generation computers were
also capable of performing more complex calculations and had improved input and
output capabilities, making them more useful for scientific and business
applications.
Some notable examples of second-generation computers include
the IBM 7090, the CDC 1604, and the UNIVAC 1107. These machines were typically
used for scientific and military applications, as well as for business data
processing.
TIP : Transistor का आविष्कार 1947 में किया गया था, लेकिन 1950 के दशक के अंत तक कंप्यूटर में इसका व्यापक उपयोग नहीं देखा गया था। इस पीढ़ी के First Computers को परमाणु ऊर्जा उद्योग के लिए विकसित किया गया था।
